法國聖迪濟耶

2000年代初，聖迪濟耶的山區小型農場因利潤不足和居民向城市遷移，而面臨倒閉問題。根據2008年的紀錄，聖迪濟耶村莊的人口只有 35 人。村民決定與一家非牟利組織合作，集體籌集資金，以支持需要出售農場等私人資產的農民。籌集到的資金將農場變成共有資產，用於推廣有機農業、吸引年輕農民進駐村莊，和發展農業旅遊。

擴展社區的定義

村民視年輕一代的農民為持續發展共有資產的關鍵。但由於地價高昂和競爭激烈，年輕農民遇上了不少障礙。2006年，村民們邀請了 Terre de Liens (TL）幫助他們，這是一所致力保障生態農業農民土地使用權的非牟利組織，以幫助保育他們的農場並籌集資金。在 TL 及其全國支持者網絡的幫助下，加上村民們自己籌集合共超過 15 萬歐元的資金，以支持當地農場並購買村內正在出售的農場；捐助者也因其投資而成為村莊復育的持份者。此案例顯示，核心社區的擴張使農場發展變得更可行，成功扭轉了外流現象，並成功將年輕農民帶到村莊。

建構鄉村發展的新模式

通過眾籌，曾經是私人土地的農場也成為共有資產。以募集的資金保留及回購農場，並成功出租給年輕農民。五年來，這個小村莊裡出現了三個新的農業業務，例如母羊奶酪生產、小型啤酒廠和水果種植。

參考資料

• Rioufol, V., & Wartena, S. (2015, October 20). Terre de Liens: Experiencing and Managing Farmland as Commons. Patterns of Commoning | The Commons Strategies Group. https://patternsofcommoning.org/terre-de-liens-experiencing-and-managing-farmland-as-commons/

In the early 2000s, small mountain farms in Saint Dizier were faced with the issue of closures due to lack of profits and migration to urban areas. With a small population of 35 people recorded in 2008, villagers of Saint Dizier have collaborated with an NPO to raise money collectively to support farmers that needed to sell off their private assets such as their farms. The money raised turns farms into shared assets that are used to promote organic agriculture, to entice young farmers to return to the village, and to develop upon agrotourism.

Expanding Definition of Community

Villagers view the younger generation of farmers as the key to the sustainability of their communal assets. However, due to high land prices and competition, young farmers were presented with obstacles. In 2006, villagers invited Terre de Liens (TL), an NPO that focuses on securing land access for agroecological farmers to aid in the process of conserving their farms and raising funds. With the help of TL and their national network of supporters, villagers also pooled funds together and raised upwards of 150,000 euros to support their local farms and purchase any farms that were on sale; donors also became stakeholders in the village’s revitalisation due to their investments. The expansion of their core community that led to farms being more accessible has proven to be successful in reversing the exodus and in enticing young farmers to reside in the village.

Forming New Models of Rural Practices

By sourcing funds communally, farms that were once private properties now become shared assets. The farms that were preserved and bought back with the raised funds have been leased to young farmers. In five years, three new farming businesses have emerged in this small village, such as ewe cheese production, a microbrewery, and fruit growing.

References

• Rioufol, V., & Wartena, S. (2015, October 20). Terre de Liens: Experiencing and Managing Farmland as Commons. Patterns of Commoning | The Commons Strategies Group. https://patternsofcommoning.org/terre-de-liens-experiencing-and-managing-farmland-as-commons/